Formulas & Facts To Know For Your ATP & FE Written Exams

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Aerodynamics

• ABSOLUTE Ceiling = ZERO rate of Climb
• EQUILIBRIUM = NO accelerations
• RETURN to equilibrium = POSITIVE static stability
• LIFT is perpendicular to RELATIVE WIND
• OUTBOARD ailerons for LOW speed flight
• MORE POWER by MORE OXYGEN & INCREASED AIR DENSITY
• SERVO = OPPOSITE direction & REDUCE CONTROL forces
• ANTISERVO = SAME direction & PREVENT FULL DEFLECTION
• VORTEX GENERATORS PREVENT FLOW SEPARATION
• AILERON BALANCE PANEL ASSIST moving ailerons by DEFLECT a hinged panel
• Outboard ailerons = low-speed flight
• Inboard ailerons = low-speed AND high-speed flight
• Control Tabs = MANUAL REVERSION
• Spoilers REDUCE LIFT
• Vortex generators REDUCE DRAG
• Turbulent air CHANGES RELATIVE WIND
• Engine failures reduce CLIMB performance
• Aft CG's make airplanes UNSTABLE ABOUT THE LATERAL AXIS
• Swept wing disadvantage is the stalling of the WING TIP BEFORE THE WING ROOT

Instrument Procedures

• Know recommended holding pattern entries per the AIM

Weight And Balance

• Moment = Weight * Arm

• CG =	Total Moment Total Weight

• CG % MAC =

  CG - LEMAC MAC

• Wt. On Pallet =

  Pallet Area 144

  * Floor Load Limit - Wt. of Pallet - Wt. of Tiedown

Performance

• Distance = Rate * Time

FAR 121

• Interphones and PA systems in A/C with more than 19 passenger seats.

Meteorology

• INCREASED air density = INCREASED pressure
• DECREASED air density = DECREASED Pressure
• EARTHS weather = VARIATION in solar energy

Regulations

• REFUSAL to submit = REVOCATION of FLIGHT ENGINEER CERTIFICATE
• CARGO PERMITTED ANYWHERE in passenger compartment IN APPROVED CARGO BIN
• 1st REQUIRED MEGAPHONE in AFT PASSENGER compartment
• 2nd REQUIRED MEGAPHONE in FOREWARD PASSENGER compartment